This paper expounds the inevitability of science experiment teaching in primary and secondary schools from four aspects: the externalization of subject knowledge, the balanced development of students' cognitive structure, the social development of scientific literacy and the needs of teachers' professional development in the information age, and analyzes the practical problems existing in science experiment teaching in the current compulsory education stage. From the three dimensions of science curriculum value orientation, teachers' consciousness and behavior of experimental teaching, and teaching evaluation effect, the obstacles and reasons of science experiment teaching in primary and secondary schools are explored, and it is proposed to reposition science experiment teaching, dissolve the conflict of value orientation, train professional teachers, strengthen the action consciousness of science teachers, and establish a multi-component experimental teaching evaluation system. The relief way to form the joint force of experimental teaching.